- Follow Dropbear key-based authentication to set up key-based authentication.
- Follow Secure your router's access for additional security hardening.
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The SSH configuration is handled by the Dropbear subsystem of uci and the configuration file is located in /etc/config/dropbear.
Each dropbear SSH server instance uses a single section of the configuration file, and you can have multiple instances.
Sections
The dropbear configuration contains settings for the dropbear SSH server in a single section.
Dropbear
Ssh Drop Bear.net
The dropbear section contains these settings. Names are case-sensitive.
| Name | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
enable | boolean | no | 1 | Set to 0 to disable starting dropbear at system boot. |
verbose | boolean | no | 0 | Set to 1 to enable verbose output by the start script. |
BannerFile | string | no | (none) | Name of a file to be printed before the user has authenticated successfully. |
PasswordAuth | boolean | no | 1 | Set to 0 to disable authenticating with passwords. |
Port | integer | no | 22 | Port number to listen on. |
RootPasswordAuth | boolean | no | 1 | Set to 0 to disable authenticating as root with passwords. |
RootLogin | boolean | no | 1 | Set to 0 to disable SSH logins as root. |
GatewayPorts | boolean | no | 0 | Set to 1 to allow remote hosts to connect to forwarded ports. |
Interface | string | no | (none) | Tells dropbear to listen only on the specified interface. (e.g. lan, wan, wan6) |
rsakeyfile | file | no | (none) | Path to RSA file |
dsskeyfile | file | no | (none) | Path to DSS/DSA file |
SSHKeepAlive | integer | no | 300 | Keep Alive |
IdleTimeout | integer | no | 0 | Idle Timeout |
mdns | integer | no | 1 | Whether to annouce the service via mDNS |
MaxAuthTries | integer | no | 3 | Amount of times you can retry writing the password when logging in before the SSH server closes the connection from this commit |
Default configuration
Extras
Multiple instances
Add a second instance of dropbear listening on port 2022.
Security considerations
- Set up public key authentication and disable password authentication if possible.
- Set up a VPN to avoid exposing SSH to the internet and as a single critical vulnerability may be enough for a remote attacker to gain root access.
Problems facing with a public SSH:
- No facility to ban IPs with many failed login attempts.
- File system permissions are very lax on default OpenWrt.
- Preventing normal users from exploiting BusyBox to gain access to root only commands due to missing permissions for symlinks.
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References
Ssh Berlin